Mental Health in Refugees

Overview

Refugees have high rates of mental health conditions due to pre-migration trauma, the migration journey, and post-migration stressors.

Common Conditions

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Depression
• Anxiety disorders
• Complicated grief
• Somatization

Screening

Consider using validated screening tools:

• PHQ-9 for depression
• GAD-7 for anxiety
• PC-PTSD-5 for PTSD

Note: Tools should be culturally validated and used with interpreters when needed.

Approach to Assessment

• Build trust over time
• Be aware of stigma around mental illness in many cultures
• Somatic symptoms may be the presenting complaint
• Normalize the experience of distress

Treatment Considerations

Psychotherapy

• Trauma-focused CBT
• EMDR
• Culturally adapted interventions

Pharmacotherapy

• SSRIs are first-line for depression and PTSD
• Start low, go slow
• Monitor for medication adherence and side effects

Referral Resources

Connect with local refugee mental health services and cultural community organizations.